The Introduction and the Functions of Oral Literature

Different forms of oral literature may perform different functions but generally, the following are functions of oral literature:
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Introduction to oral literature

Introduction to oral literature

The introduction of oral literature into the secondary/high school syllabus was done in the view of the role of usefulness it serves to those who study it. Therefore, the function refers to the reasons why oral literature is studied.

Different forms of oral literature may perform different functions but generally, the following are functions of oral literature:

Functions of oral literature

1. Oral literature is a source of entertainment. 

People derive amusement or fun from such aspects of oral literature as cultural songs E.g. as they are performed in weddings, Harambee meetings, and other communal gatherings. Oral narratives help people to pass time and derive enjoyment.

2. Oral literature teaches or educates people on moral values or good behaviour

Songs for instance communicate a direct message and attack immorality. Proverbs also speak a direct moral message which narrative leads to a moral lesson.

3. Oral literature sensitizes people on social and communal values. 

Virtues upheld by the community are taught through oral literature. On the importance of unity for instance a community would have proverbs  like “Unity is Strength” Kidole Kimoja Hakivunji chawa’ (one finger alone cannot kill a louse)

4. Oral Literature teaches about culture 

Culture is the people's way of life and it is well reflected in oral literature, for example, the way people were governed, their form of religion, division of labour, rites of passage, mode of dressing e.t.c

5. Oral Literature gives people confidence in their culture

Having learned about culture gives people confidence in their culture as they get to understand why a community lives the way it does.

6. Culture teaches about history and heritage.

Closely related to this is that we get to learn about our history or heritage. The study of oral literature provides useful links with our roots. For example, a myth of origin tells the community’s origin and progress up to the present. This means the world of our ancestors is laid bare for present generations to see. 

Such a link with the past enables us to understand ourselves. The present is a product of the past to understand where we are and where we are heading to, we first know the past. Today many young people know their names that seem to tie them to a certain past name of their clan and tribes.

7. Oral literature helps us appreciate other people's culture

Having understood our culture forms of good background for us to know other people’s culture. This fosters good neighborliness and the spirit of nationalism as we understand and appreciate other people.

8. Oral literature provides us with historical role models

The study of oral literature provides us with heroes from the past for us to emulate. We get to know of courageous women like Wangu wa Makeri and Mekatilili, Brave men like Wang’ombe wa ihura, and Lwanda Magere. 

Such heroes provide aspiration for present generations as we see the way they struggled and made a name for themselves.

9. Oral Literature helps in developing language skills

Oral literature helps to develop language skills, a sense of creativity, wit and even to sharpen speech. The skill of speaking and listening can be enhanced for example; one would know how to be eloquent by appropriate use of proverbs.

This means that Oral literature is an important tool for shaping the individual into an all-around character who can fit into the family, community, and nation at large.


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