CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONAL WRITING
Although every type of functional writing is unique, there are common features shared by different types of functional writing. These features include the following:
1. Functional Writing has a Fixed format
Each type of functional writing has specific parts which are arranged in a specific order.
2. Functional Writing requires Absolute economy
A piece of writing should limit itself exclusively to giving the information required, in the fewest words possible.
3. Functional Writing and Abbreviations
several standard abbreviations are allowed in functional writing.
4. Functional writing and Conventional language
the language of most samples of functional writing does not vary. The expressions used in functional writing are determined by common and regular usage.
Functional writing is the first question which carries 20 marks. Here the candidate is tested on how to write a given item following the correct format and appropriate register.
The format in English Functional Writing
Format refers to the general arrangement; design or plan of the item you are writing. Each functional item has its own distinct format. This underscores the importance of using the correct format when writing a particular set item for you to be answering the question.
The wrong format, therefore, means you have not answered the question as required. At a glance, an internal memo is quite distinct from a letter of application for a job.
Register in English Functional Writing
A register is a style of writing that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used. In this case, we largely consider whether the item is based on a formal or informal situation; this will, in turn, determine whether the language to be adopted will be formal or informal. The candidate has also to narrow down to the specific item to decide on the tone to be used in the writing and the mood that should be conveyed in some instances.
For instance, when writing a recipe, the language should be imperative since one is giving directives while reports and minutes are written in the passive voice. In a message of condolence, a sorrowful tone and mood need to be expressed at the very beginning but later on end in a hopeful tone to show that all is not lost.
Once the correct format and register are applied, the candidate’s overall linguistic competence is assessed.
The ability of a student to express the information flawlessly and precisely is of utmost importance. This means a good command of grammar. Correct tenses, proper punctuation, correct spellings, and apt vocabulary among other grammar aspects are also considered.
Having considered the proper format and appropriate register, you should ensure a good presentation of the information since this will endear your work to the examiner. This includes proper paragraphing and generally neat work. This shows that the candidate is confident and sure of what he/she is tackling.
Guidelines for revising Functional Writing
The following is a guideline list of the items you need to revise on.
• Letters
This includes letters of application, inquiry, apology, invitations, confidential letters/reports, letters to the editor, request letter
• Institutional writing/documents
This includes reminders, minutes, internal memos, notification of a meeting, writing the agenda, Curriculum vitae
• Personal/social writing
These include shopping lists, packing lists, to-do lists, friendly letters, inventories, thank you notes, congratulatory notes, messages of condolences, telegrams, emails, personal journals, diaries, C.V, biographies, autobiographies
• Process writing
These include giving and following directions e.g. Recipes, Autobiographies, Biographies, Speechwriting, dialogue, and conversations.
• Report writing
This includes investigative/survey reports, newspaper reports, and confidential reports.
• Public writing
This entails designing posters and invitation cards
• Study writing
It includes book reviews and synopsis.